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Maurice Tréand (21 September 1900 – 26 January 1949) was a French communist leader who was responsible for vetting party members in the period leading up to world War II (1939–45). During the early part of the war, before the German invasion of Russia, he may have been indiscreet in discussions with the German occupiers of France. He was excluded from underground operations after the Communists became active in the French Resistance following the June 1941 German invasion of Russia. ==Early years== Maurice Tréand was born in 1900. He joined the French Communist Party (PCF, ''Parti communiste français''), and from 1932 was in charge of the security of the PCF leaders, and of underground operations. Early in 1933 he was made secretary of the PCF's Cadre Commission. The Cadre Commission (''commission des cadres'') was set up to "verify" comrades and ensure "that a thing was what it was supposed to be" – to root out informers and politically unreliable members. One technique was to require that all PCF members fill out an autobiographical questionnaire, which could then be analyzed. The Cadre Commission was somewhat secretive, and worked directly with Maurice Thorez, Eugen Fried and the Communist International's agencies. Tréand was criticized for taking his policing role to an extreme, for example classifying an activist as suspect if they had a distant cousin in the "forces of repression." In October 1936 Arthur Dallidet was given a permanent position in the PCF Cadre Commission as assistant to Tréand. Dallidet was the second functionary to be assigned to the Commission. Tréand was a member of the PCE Central Committee from 1937 to 1945, and Executive Committee of the Communist International (ECCI) operative in Western Europe. Treand was close to Thorez, who always showed great respect for him, and also to Jacques Duclos, but does not seem to have had a strong relationship with André Marty. He was completely trusted by Moscow. However, the security arrangements he established before the war proved inadequate as the government stepped up its surveillance measures after the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of 23 August 1939 and the start of general mobilization in France. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Maurice Tréand」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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